| Adonis أدونيس |
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|---|---|
Adonis Syrian Poet |
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| Born | Ali Ahmad Said Asbar January 1, 1930 Al Qassabin, Latakia, Syria |
| Pen name | Adonis |
| Occupation | Poet, Writer |
| Nationality | Syrian |
Ali Ahmad Said Asbar (Arabic: علي أحمد سعيد إسبر; transliterated: alî ahmadi sa'îdi asbar or Ali Ahmad Sa'id) born 1 January 1930, also known by the pseudonym Adonis or Adunis (Arabic: أدونيس), is a Syrian poet and essayist who has made his career largely in Lebanon and France. He has written more than twenty books in Arabic language.
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Adonis was born in Al Qassabin, Latakia, in Northern Syria, to an Alawite family.[1] From an early age, he worked in the fields, but his father regularly had him memorize poetry, and he began to compose poems of his own. In 1947, he had the opportunity to recite a poem for Syrian president Shukri al-Kuwatli; that led to a series of scholarships, first to a school in Latakia and then to the Syrian University in Damascus, where he received a degree in Philosophy in 1954.
The name Adonis was not given to Said by Antun Saadeh, the leader of the radical pan-Syrian Syrian Social Nationalist Party, as some believe. Rather, he picked it himself after being rejected by a number of magazines under his real name. In 1955, Said was imprisoned for six months for being a member of that party. Following his release from prison in 1956, he settled in Beirut, Lebanon, where in 1957 he and Syro-Lebanese poet Yusuf al-Khal founded the magazine Majallat Shi'r ("Poetry Magazine") that met with strong criticism as they published experimental poetry.[2] Majallat Shi’r ceased publication in 1964, and Adonis did not rejoin the Shi’r editors when they resumed publication in 1967. In Lebanon, his intense nationalistic feelings, reflecting pan-Arabism focused on the Arab peoples as a nation, found their outlet in the Beiruti newspaper Lisan al-Hal and eventually in his founding of another literary periodical in 1968 titled Mawaqif, in which he again published experimental poetry.[3] Adonis's poems continued to express the poet’s nationalistic views combined with his mystical outlook. With his use of Sufi terms (the technical meanings of which were implied rather than explicit), Adonis became a leading exponent of the Neo-Sufi trend in modern Arabic poetry. This trend took hold in the 1970s.
Adonis received a scholarship to study in Paris from 1960-1961. From 1970 to 1985 he was professor of Arabic literature at the Lebanese University. In 1976, he was a visiting professor at the University of Damascus. In 1980, he emigrated to Paris to escape the Lebanese Civil War. In 1980-1981, he was professor of Arabic at the Sorbonne in Paris.
Adonis is a pioneer of modern Arabic poetry. He is often seen as a rebel, an iconoclast who follows his own rules. "Arabic poetry is not the monolith this dominant critical view suggests, but is pluralistic, sometimes to the point of self-contradiction."[4] Adonis's work has been analysed and illuminated by the pre-eminent Arab critic Kamal Abu Deeb, with whom he edited the journal Mawakif in Beirut in the 1970s.
After a trip to New York in 1971, Adonis wrote the poem "The Funeral of New York", which opens:
Picture the earth as a pear
or breast.
Between such fruits and death
survives an engineering trick:
New York,
Call it a city on four legs
heading for murder
while the drowned already moan
in the distance.
New York is a woman
holding, according to history,
a rag called liberty with one hand
and strangling the earth with the other.
In 2007 he was awarded the Bjørnson Prize. In 2011 he won the Goethe Prize.[5] He is a perennial favorite to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.[6] After the 2011 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to Swedish poet Tomas Tranströmer instead of Adunis in the year of the Arab Spring, permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy Peter Englund said it was not awarded based on politics, describing such a notion as “literature for dummies”.[7] Adunis has helped to spread Tranströmer's fame in the Arab world, accompanying him on readings.[8]
Adonis has written over twenty books in the Arabic language. Several of his poetry collections have been translated into English. Khaled Mattawa’s translation of Adonis: Selected Poems has been shortlisted for the 2011 Griffin Poetry Prize.
_______Banipal Interview. No. 2, June, 1998. http://www.jehat.com/en default.asp?action=article&ID=43
_______"Language, Culture, Reality." The View From Within: Writers and Critics on Contemporary Arabic Literature: A Selection from Alif Journal of Contemporary Poetics ed. Ferial J. Ghazoul and Barbara Harlow. The American University in Cairo Press, 1994.
_______Sufism and Surrealism. (trans. Judith Cumberbatch.) Saqi Books: London, 2005.
_______Transformations of the Lover. (trans. Samuel Hazo.) International Poetry Series, Volume 7. Ohio University Press: Athens, Ohio, 1982.
_______Victims of A Map: A Bilingual Anthology of Arabic Poetry.(trans. Abdullah Al-Udhari.) Saqi Books: London, 1984. A Time Between Ashes and Roses (trans. Sharkat M. Toorawa)
